The cultural treasures of Multan gates
Published on by Rashid Minhas
Average Read time: 6 minutes 56 seconds
Introduction to Multan and its rich history
Multan, one of the oldest living cities in South Asia, has long stood as a symbol of resilience, culture, and spirituality. Known as the "City of Saints," its rich tapestry is woven from threads of ancient civilizations, Islamic architecture, and centuries of trade and conquest. A key part of its historic identity lies in the Multan gates, the 12 grand portals that once defended and defined the city's limits.
These gates, remnants of the walled city era, not only served as strategic defense mechanisms but also as vibrant entry points for traders, scholars, and travelers. Today, they offer a rare glimpse into Multan’s layered past and urban development.
Origin and significance of Multan’s fortified gates
The story of Multan’s gates begins with the city's ancient fortifications. Built primarily during the Mughal and pre-Mughal eras, the gates were designed for both defense and control of the bustling city within. As invaders came and went—ranging from Alexander the Great to the British Empire—each left a mark on the walls and gates of Multan.
The gates represented not just boundaries but also different districts or communities. Each one opened to a specific road leading to neighboring cities, such as Lahore, Delhi, or Bahawalpur. Over time, they became landmarks of historical pride and urban identity.
Architectural marvels of the Multan gates
Each gate of Multan reflects a unique architectural design influenced by the prevailing art and construction styles of its time. Mughal features like cusped arches, ornamental battlements, and red sandstone facades are visible in several gates. Others showcase Islamic calligraphy, domed structures, and intricate tile work—a nod to Multan’s cultural aesthetics.
In their prime, these gates had adjoining guard posts, observation towers, and sometimes even small bazaars nestled within the archways. Though many suffered damage over the centuries, restoration efforts have brought some of their former glory back to life.
The 12 gtes of Multan: A detailed overview
1. Lohari Gate
One of the primary gates facing Lahore, Lohari Gate was a major access point for trade caravans. Though it has been weathered by time, it still serves as a gateway to Multan's bustling commercial zones.
2. Delhi Gate
As the name suggests, this gate connected Multan to the road toward Delhi. Its grand structure and location signify its importance in the historical trade and military movement.
3. Bohar Gate
Bohar Gate stands as a beautiful example of preserved Mughal architecture. It opens into a region that once housed nobility and today connects travelers to central Multan.
4. Pak Gate
Pak Gate, one of the few that have retained their original shape, is an excellent site for historians. It often hosts cultural exhibitions and Sufi festivals due to its proximity to shrines.
5. Haram Gate
A significant spiritual hub, Haram Gate lies close to some of Multan’s oldest mosques. It is steeped in religious and cultural reverence.
6. Daulat Gate
Daulat Gate is famous for its robust structure and decorative calligraphy. Restoration has made it a favorite among photographers and architecture enthusiasts.
7. Dolat Gate
Often confused with Daulat Gate, this gate is a variant spelling and may refer to the same or nearby structure. It showcases similar features and history.
8. Khuni Burj
Named after a bloody battle fought here, Khuni Burj is more of a bastion than a gate but is often included in the historic gate circuit. It tells a tragic tale of resistance and sacrifice.
9. Qasim Gate
Named after Muhammad bin Qasim, the first Muslim conqueror of the region, this gate is revered as a symbol of Islamic expansion and cultural fusion.
10. Talab Gate
Once leading to a large water tank ("Talab" means pond), this gate played a crucial role in water distribution and urban planning.
11. Doulat Gate (Alternate Spelling)
This gate, sometimes listed separately due to spelling differences, likely refers to Daulat Gate, but regional texts distinguish them for specificity.
12. Chungi No. 9 Gate
One of the newer additions during the colonial era, this gate does not bear the same historical weight but marks the expansion of Multan's boundaries.
Unique features and layout of each gate
Each gate is distinguished by its orientation, architectural style, and adjacent neighborhoods. Some gates open toward ancient caravan routes, while others guard the old shrines and marketplaces. The diversity in structure, from single-arched passages to dual-level bastions, reflects the evolution of warfare, commerce, and religious priorities across centuries.
Strategic importance in defense and trade
The layout of the Multan gates formed a defensive ring around the city. This setup allowed soldiers to control who entered or exited, providing safety during invasions. Simultaneously, the gates helped regulate trade—merchants had to pay taxes at entry points, funding the city’s growth.
Restoration efforts and conservation projects
Several conservation initiatives have been undertaken by both provincial authorities and heritage organizations. Notably, the Walled City of Multan Project aims to restore the structure, ambiance, and historical context of these gates. Bohar and Pak Gates have seen significant restorations in recent years.
Despite budget constraints and urban sprawl, many preservationists continue to push for safeguarding these cultural relics.
Cultural events and life around the gates
Today, life around Multan’s gates is vibrant. The gates are surrounded by bustling bazaars, shrines, tea stalls, and artisan shops. Annual Sufi festivals, religious processions, and local fairs often pass through these gates, blending ancient charm with modern flair.
Multan gates in literature and folklore
Poets and storytellers have long immortalized the Multan gates in their verses. They symbolize endurance, transitions, and the eternal rhythm of city life. Local legends abound—some gates are believed to be haunted, others are said to have secret tunnels beneath.
Tourism and accessibility to the gates
Visitors can access the gates via rickshaws, cars, or guided heritage walks. Many tours include the gates along with shrines, the Multan Fort, and Hussain Agahi Bazaar. Nearby hotels and eateries offer a comfortable base for exploration.
Comparison with other fortified cities in pakistan
Multan’s gates are often compared with those of Lahore and Peshawar. While Lahore's gates are more preserved and commercialized, Multan’s gates retain a rustic authenticity. Each set tells a different story of trade, defense, and spiritual life.
Challenges to preservation and urban expansion
Sadly, several gates face neglect due to pollution, encroachments, and unregulated construction. Lack of public awareness and government prioritization threatens their survival. Calls for stricter heritage laws grow louder each year.
Efforts by local and national authorities
The Multan Development Authority and Punjab’s archaeology department are key players in restoration. Collaboration with UNESCO and local NGOs has brought visibility to some neglected gates, paving the way for heritage tourism.
The future of Multan’s historical gates
If properly preserved, these gates could become a UNESCO World Heritage Site. With increased tourism, documentation, and urban planning, Multan can turn its historic gates into global cultural icons.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Q1: How many gates does Multan have?
Multan originally had 12 prominent gates forming a defensive ring around the old city.
Multan originally had 12 prominent gates forming a defensive ring around the old city.
Q2: Which is the oldest gate in Multan?
Lohari Gate and Delhi Gate are among the oldest, dating back to the pre-Mughal era.
Lohari Gate and Delhi Gate are among the oldest, dating back to the pre-Mughal era.
Q3: Are Multan’s gates still intact?
Some are intact and restored, like Bohar Gate, while others exist only in partial ruins.
Some are intact and restored, like Bohar Gate, while others exist only in partial ruins.
Q4: Can tourists visit all the Multan gates?
Yes, many gates are accessible, especially through guided heritage tours.
Yes, many gates are accessible, especially through guided heritage tours.
Q5: Why is it called Khuni Burj ?
It was the site of a violent battle, leading to its ominous name.
It was the site of a violent battle, leading to its ominous name.
Q6: What efforts are being made to restore the gates?
Local and provincial bodies are involved in conservation efforts, with some support from NGOs and heritage organizations.
Local and provincial bodies are involved in conservation efforts, with some support from NGOs and heritage organizations.
The Multan gates are not just physical structures—they're storytellers, silent witnesses to centuries of triumph, turmoil, and transformation. By preserving them, we not only protect bricks and mortar but also honor the soul of a city that has endured for millennia.